题目:
Given n pairs of parentheses, write a function to generate all combinations of well-formed parentheses.
For example, given n = 3, a solution set is:
"((()))", "(()())", "(())()", "()(())", "()()()"
题目大意:
给定一个数字n,代表括号的对数,求n对括号匹配的所有情况。
思路:
拿到题的第一反应想到的是这道题是典型的递归,但是好长时间过去了依然不知道怎么递归。参考学长博客:http://blog.csdn.net/wwh578867817/article/details/46392701,得到规律左半括号永远大于等于右半括号。
代码1:
class Solution {
public:
std::vector<std::string> generateParenthesis(int n) {
std::vector<std::string> result;
if (n <= 0) {
return result;
}
std::string s;
addBrackets(n, n, s, result);
return result;
}
private:
void addBrackets(int left, int right, std::string s, std::vector<std::string> &result)
{
if (left == 0 && right == 0) {
result.push_back(s);
return;
}
if (left == right) {
addBrackets(left - 1, right, s + "(", result);
} else {
if (left > 0) {
addBrackets(left - 1, right, s + "(", result);
}
if (right > 0) {
addBrackets(left, right - 1, s + ")", result);
}
}
}
};
代码2:
class Solution {
public:
//思想也是保证左半括号个数大于等于右半括号个数
std::vector<std::string> generateParenthesis(int n) {
std::string s;
std::vector<std::string> result;
generate(n, n, s, result);
return result;
}
void generate(int left, int right, std::string s, std::vector<std::string> &result){
if(left){
generate(left - 1, right, s + "(", result); //如果左半括号还没有用完直接加左半括号
if(left != right){ //如果左右不相等
generate(left, right - 1, s + ")", result); //加右半括号
}
}else{
if(right){ //如果还剩右括号没有加入则将剩余的所有右括号都加入
result.push_back(s + std::string(right,')'));
}
}
return;
}
};